Evaluation of anxiety and depression in chronic liver disease patients.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of anxiety and depression in chronic liver disease patientsMethodology: In this longitudinal study seven hundred fifty-five patients (mean age 51+ 5 years, 59% males). All the patients were suffering from chronic hepatitis B, chronic Hepatitis C, Alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty stomach disease. Questionnaires were included anxiety, using the Hamilton depressing rating scale (HDRS) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HARS), including socio-demographic, health status and family support. The criteria for inclusion in the study were having liver disease from last 15 months. Clinical functional and psychological assessments were performed.Results: In this study patients with depression was 59.3%, with anxiety 17.4% patients and both anxiety and depression were noted in 36.7% patients. After measuring and calculating all the variables score of depression and anxiety were recorded. A higher HDRS score was noted in patients older than 46 years (p=0.024). Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding had a prominent higher score of anxiety than those without bleeding (p=0.019). A higher HARS score was present in the women (p=0.011), unemployed patients (p=0.009) and those with alcoholic liver disease (p=0.006). There was direct correlation between the duration of disease and the value of HDRA and HARS score.Conclusion: In the chronic liver disease patients’ depression and anxiety are increasingly high with passage of time, gastrointestinal bleeding and unemployment. Increased prevalence of relax by patients are more likely to be due to the low acceptance of disease prognosis

Anti Corruption Education Based on Values Poda Na Lima

Corruption eradication comes from two elements, namely from religious values and from customary values. Implementation of anti-corruption education can no longer be based solely on the materials and learning methods that apply so far, but must utilize local wisdom of local indigenous people, so that the material is more obeyed, obeyed and practiced because according to their views of life. Long before the implementation of formal anti-corruption education in Indonesia, it turns out that indigenous peoples have been implementing anti-corruption education whose educational materials have been contained in Poda na Lima which continues to be practiced continuously and continuously. Keywords: 1. Anti-Corruption Education, 2. Poda na Lima, 3. college studen

Comparison of the Efficacy of Multi Dural Stab Craniectomy with Open Dural Flap Craniectomy in Patients Having Acute Subdural Hematoma

Background/Objective:  We compared the efficacy of multi-dural stab craniectomy with open dural flap craniectomy in patients having acute subdural hematoma. Materials and Methods:  A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Allied hospital, Faisalabad. 70 patients having acute subdural hematoma were included. All of the patients were randomized in two groups: group A received a multi-dural stab craniectomy, while group B received an open dural flap craniectomy. Efficacy was assessed after 3 months of treatment in terms of a good recovery. Results:  Out of 70 patients, the mean age was 34.51 ± 8.712 years. Because of similar age and presenting GCS, the data show a non-significant difference in clinical outcomes between patients undergoing multi dual stab and open dural flap operations. However, a significant difference between the clinical results occurred at 3 months after the surgery (p-value 0.004). The efficacy of the multi-dural stab procedure was significantly higher from the open dural flap surgery (p-Value 0.006). The efficacy of the multi-dural stab surgery was significantly higher in the under 35 years age group of patients compared to open dural flap surgery. The results highlight those better results were seen in both surgeries when the presenting GCS of patients was higher (GCS= 6 – 8) compared to poor outcomes in patients with GCS of less than 5/15. Conclusion:  Multi-dural stabs are a safer alternative to the open dural flap for removing acute SDH with satisfactory recovery

KEHALALAN DAGING AYAM POTONG DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA MEDAN

Sebagian besar penjual ayam potong di pasar tradisional yang ada di kota Medan melakukan pemotongan ayam sambil merokok, bercerita dan dilakukan dengan sendirian, tanpa bantuan orang lain. Bahkan yang lebih miris lagi bahwa ayam yang baru saja disembelih belum benar-benar mati dan kaki dan sayapnya masih terlihat bergerak-gerak, sudah dimasukkan ke dalam tong yang berisi air panas untuk dilakukan pembersihan bulu-bulunya. Kondisi ini dilakukan untuk sekedar mengejar target jumlah ayam yang harus disembelih pada setiap harinya. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan oleh tim Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) dengan mitra (MUI Kota Medan) adalah: 1) Menggunakan pendekatan pendampingan terhadap pedagang ayam potong di pasar tradisional Kota Medan, 2) Melaksanakan pelatihan tentang tata cara penyembelihan hewan berdasarkan Syariat Islam, 3) Melaksanakan penyuluhan hukum dengan mengggunakan metode ceramah dan tanya jawab. Hasil yang telah dicapai dalam pelaksanaan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah a) Terbentuknya 3 (tiga) Kelompok Pedagang Cinta Produk Halal (KPCPH) di pasar tradisional Kota Medan yang disahkan oleh Ketua MUI Kota Medan, b) Penerbitan Buku Panduan Tentang Tata Cara Penyembelihan Hewan secara halal yang menjadi pedoman bagi masyarakat dan KPCPH, c) Karya Tulis Ilmiah yang dimuat dalam jurnal nasional terakreditasi ,d) Meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat, terutama pedagang daging ayam potong tentang tata cara penyembelihan hewan yang baik dan halal.sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal. Adapun kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dalam PKM ini: a. Pelatihan tentang tata cara penyembelihan hewan kepada para pedagang daging ayam potong, b. Penerbitan sertifikat yang diterbitkan MUI Kota Medan Tentang kelayakan dalam melakukan penyembelihan ayam potong bagi para pedagang yang melakukan penyembelihan ayam potong, c. Penyuluhan hukum tentang tata cara penyembelih ayam potong di pasar tradisional Kota Medan

Frequency of SCF Leakage in Post-operative Patients of Tethered Spinal Cord in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective:  The study aimed to report the incidence of CSF leakage in patients with a tethered spinal cord, post-operatively. Materials and Methods:  A total of 75 individuals aged more than 2 years and of either gender who were hospitalized for surgery for tethered cord syndrome were included. All patients had a preoperative MRI of the spine, and those above the age of 6 had urodynamic tests. Clinical evaluations were performed until hospital release, then again at 3, 6, and 12 months. Urodynamic tests and spine MRIs were redone one year following surgery. Under general anesthesia, all patients had microscopic untethering procedures to release tethering materials and heal the thecal sac. Results:  52% of patients fall under TCS type ‘simple’, whereas, 48% of patients found with complex TCS. The frequency of CSF leakage in post-operative patients with a tethered spinal cord was found in 17.33%. No CSF leak was reported in the majority of patients (49%) patients in the age group 2-30 years. 52% of patients with simple TCS reported no CSF leak, whereas, only 13(18%) patients with complex TCS reported CSF leaks. 40% of patients reported no CSF leak who was diagnosed with complex TCS. There existed a significant relationship between the types of TCS (simple/complex) for CSF leak distribution. Conclusion:  This study concluded that the frequency of CSF leakage in post-operative patients with tethered spinal cord was found in 17.33% of patients. Keywords:  Tethered Spinal Cord (TCS), CSF Leakage, Lipomyelomeningocele

Comparison of post-dural puncture headache incidence among patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section by using quincke 25-G and 29-G spinal needles

Background: Multiple complications including hypotension, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, transient neurological symptoms and headache have been associated with spinal anaesthesia. Importantly, post dural puncture headache (PDPH) varies with the type and size of spinal needle employed for inducing anaesthesia. Here, we aimed to compare the frequency of PDPH in patients underwent spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section using 25-gauge (G) and 29-G Quincke spinal needle.Methods: We designed a randomized control trial at Obstetrics and Gynecology Operation Theatres, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. A total of 152 patients having age 30.28±8.21 years were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups each comprising of 76 patients. In group 1, spinal anaesthesia was performed using 25-G Quincke spinal needle while in group 2 spinal anaesthesia was administered employing 29-G Quincke spinal needle. A standard dose of 10.5-12.0 mg (1.4-1.6 ml) of 0.75% bupivacaine is infiltrated in subarachnoid space at lumber region L3-L4 or L4-L5 following aseptic measures. The patients were evaluated for PDPH during the follow up period.Results: The previous history of PDPH was observed in 20.39% patients. The comparative study showed that the PDPH was observed in 12 (15.7%) patients in group 1 while the group 2 revealed PDPH in only 2 (2.6%) patients.Conclusions: Thus 29-G spinal needle can be regarded as a better option to reduce PDPH in patients subjected to spinal anaesthesia for elective cesarean in contrast to the use of 25-G Quincke spinal needle

Size selectivity in antibiofilm activity of 3-(Diphenylphosphino)propanoic acid coated gold nanomaterials against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans

Abstract Biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria is one of the major threats in hospital related infections, hence inhibiting and eradicating biofilms has become a primary target for developing new anti-infection approaches. The present study was aimed to develop novel antibiofilm agents against two Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300) and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) using gold nanomaterials conjugated with 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid (Au-LPa). Gold nanomaterials with different sizes as 2–3 nm small and 9–90 nm (50 nm average size) large were stabilized by LPa via different chemical synthetic strategies. The nanomaterials were fully characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Antibiofilm activity of Au-LPa nanomaterials was tested using LPa alone, Au-LPa and unprotected gold nanomaterials against the both biofilm-producing bacteria. The results showed that LPa alone did not inhibit biofilm formation to a significant extent below 0.025 mM, while conjugation with gold nanomaterials displayed manifold enhanced antibiofilm potential against both strains. Moreover, it was also observed that the antibiofilm potency of the Au-LPa nanomaterials varies with size variations of nanomaterials. AFM analysis of biofilms further complemented the assay results and provided morphological aspects of the antibiofilm action of Au-LPa nanomaterials

Simultaneous Determination of Dimethomorph and Chlorothalonil in Pesticide Formulation: HPLC Method Development and Validation

The identification and accurate quantification of pesticides is important to verify the recommendedconcentration of active content of each pesticide in formulated products to avoid adverse effects on human life due toover dosage. In this study, method of quantitative determination of Dimethomorph and Chlorothalonil in pesticideformulation was developed and validated by using ICH guidelines. Chromatographic separations with good resolutionwere performed on Beckman C-18 column (5 µm x 150 mm x 4.6 mm), using 80:20, v/v – (CH3CN:H2O) as mobilephase in isocratic mode at 230 nm. The retention time for Dimethomorph and Chlorothalonil at flow rate 1.2 mL/minwas 6.21 and 9.63 minutes, respectively. Calibration curves of both studied fungicides (Chlorothalonil andDimethomorph) were linear showing coefficient of determination greater than 0.996. %RSD value of inter-dayprecision was found to be less than 3 for both pesticides and for intra-day precision these values were less than 2. Interlaboratory comparison (ILC) method was applied to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method and Z-score valueswere found to be less than 2. The proposed method is therefore efficient, accurate, and cost-effective and can suitablybe used for simultaneous quantitative determination of Dimethomorph and Chlorothalonil in pesticide formulatedproducts

Comparing Mean Post-Operative Back Pain Score between Hemilaminectomy and Conventional Laminectomy in Patients of Lumbar Stenosis

Objective:  To observe the comparative mean post-operative back-pain score between hemilaminectomy and conventional laminectomy in patients of lumbar stenosis. Material and Methods:  The randomized controlled study was carried out in Neurosurgery Unit, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 60 patients were distributed equally in two groups. Group A underwent hemilaminectomy while group B underwent conventional laminectomy. A linear median fascial incision was made on the side with more pain or symptoms. Only in the hemilaminectomy group, ipsilateral decompression was performed. It involves partial resection of adjacent parts of the hemi laminae of the superior and inferior vertebrae using operative loupes or neurosurgical microscope. Mean ±SD was calculated for quantitative data including back pain score. Results:  Mean age was 46.2 ± 6.94 years in hemi group and 46.3 ± 6.74 years in the conventional group. We observed that in hemi group, the back pain score was 2.23 ± 0.73 and it was 2.7 ± 0.65 in the conventional group (p-value was 0.011). Significant differences (p value<0.050) existed in these age ranges with respect to the back pain score in both surgery groups. A significant difference (p value < 0.0001) observed only in male patients between two surgery groups for the back pain scores. Conclusion:  Mean post-operative back pain score is significantly reduced in hemilaminectomy cases when compared with conventional laminectomy in patients of lumbar stenosis

Strontium-doped chromium oxide for RhB reduction and antibacterial activity with evidence of molecular docking analysis

The emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in aquatic pathogens and the presence of cationic dyes are the leading causes of water contamination on a global scale. In this context, nanotechnology holds immense promise for utilizing various nanomaterials with catalytic and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the catalytic and bactericidal potential of undoped and Sr-doped Cr2O3 nanostructures (NSs) synthesized through the co-precipitation method. In addition, the morphological, optical, and structural properties of the resultant NSs were also examined. The optical bandgap energy of Cr2O3 has been substantially reduced by Sr doping, as confirmed through extracted values from absorption spectra recorded by UV-Vis studies. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs illustrate that the composition of Cr2O3 primarily consisted of agglomerated, irregularly shaped NSs with a morphology resembling nanoflakes. Moreover, the presence of Sr in the lattice of Cr2O3 increased the roughness of the resulting NSs. The catalytic activity of synthesized NSs was analyzed by their reduction ability of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye in the dark under different pH conditions. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated against MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sr doping increased antibacterial efficiency against MDR E. coli, as indicated by inhibition zone measurements of 10.15 and 11.75 mm at low and high doses, respectively. Furthermore, a molecular docking analysis was conducted to determine the binding interaction pattern between NSs and active sites in the target cell protein. The findings corroborated antimicrobial test results indicating that Sr-Cr2O3 is the most effective inhibitor of FabH and DHFR enzymes